UNIT 10
1、word study
decline,impact,stir,provision
① decline
vi.1、下倾，下降；2、衰退，衰弱；3、谢绝，拒绝
The production of natural gas declined slightly.
天然气的生产略有下降。
His strength slowly declined.
他的体力慢慢地衰弱了。
A blind man smilingly declined to be helped across the street.
盲人微笑着谢绝别人帮他过马路。
vt.谢绝，拒绝
He respectfully decline the invitation.
他有礼貌地谢绝了邀请。
n.1、下倾，下降；2、衰退，衰弱
The customs figures show a steady decline in British trade.
关税数字表明英国的贸易在持续下降。
We are studying the decline and fall of ancient Rome.
我们正在研究古罗马的衰亡。
② impact
n.1、冲击，碰撞；2、效果，影响
The storm of the world revolution has powerful impact on imperialism.
世界革命风暴对帝国主义有强大的冲击力。
The book Ten That Shook the World made a great impact on its readers.
《震撼世界的十天》这本书对读者产生了很大的影响。
vt.装紧，压紧
The ground had been impacted by many people walking across it.
因为走的人多，地面被踏得坚实了。
③ stir
vt.1、搅拌，搅动；2、激起，打动
You should stir the sugar in your coffee with a spoon.
你应该用汤匙搅动咖啡里的糖。
We all deeply stirred by the beauties of nature.
我们都被大自然的美深深地打动了。
vi.微动，活动
I read Hemingway’s The Sun Also Rises through to the end without stirring from the table.
我一步不移地坐在桌前把海明威的《太阳照样升起》读完。
n.惊动，轰动
The invention is going to cause a big stir in the world.
这项发明将在全世界引起轰动。
④ provision
n.1、供应，供应品；2、条款，规定；3、【常pl】给养，口粮
Provision of shelter was the Red Cross’s main concern for the disaster victims.
为灾民提供避难处是红十字会的主要工作。
Necessary provision has been made against flood.
已为防洪做了必要准备。
You should save up money to make provision for the future.
你们应该存些钱，为将来做些准备。
You can do so under the provisions of a new foreign aid bill.
根据新的援外法案的条文，你可以这样做。
Provisions are kept in the storehouse.
储备的口粮存放在仓库里。
2、重点句型
1、候选人都想尽力突出表现一种强有力的领导者的形象。P4
Candidates try to project a strong leadership image.
2、选民们是否接受这一形象则更取决于外在因素而不是候选人的个人特征。P4
Whether voters accept this image, however, depends more on external factors than on a candidate’s personal characteristics. 此句注意主语从句作主语。
3、一年以后，随着国家经济陷入困境，布什的支持率则下降到40%以下。P4
A year later, with the nation’s economy in trouble, Bush’s approval rating dropped below 40 percent.
4、候选人特别关注人口最多的几个州的州选举中获胜。P6
Candidates are particularly concerned with winning the states which have the largest population.
5、在1992年，，克林顿仅获得民众选票的43%，相比之下，布什是38%，佩罗是19%。P6
Clinton received only 43 percent of the popular vote in 1992, compared with Bush's 38 percent and Perot's 19 percent.
3、习题
一、词汇英译汉：
1.election 2.vote 3.certainty 4.loyalty 5.decline
6.democrat 7.strategy 8.pursue 9.impact 10.headquarters
11.economy 12.stir 13.congress 14.representative
to identify…as impact on
二、句子英译汉：
1.~ 5. 与重点句型相同。
6.In deciding whether to pursue a course of action, they try to estimate its likely impact on the voters.
7.Warren G. Harding accepted the 1920 Republican nomination at his Ohio home, stayed there throughout most of the campaign, and won a full victory simply because most of the voters of his time were Republicans.
8.“The Economy, Stupid.”The slogan was the idea of James Carville, Clinton's chief strategist, and was meant as a reminder to the candidate and the staff to keep the campaign focused on the nation's slow-moving economy, which ultimately was the issue that defeated Bush.
三、句子汉译英
1.在美国每四年举行一次总统大选。
The presidential election takes place every four years in the United States.
2.多数党被提名者得到的支持率往往高出少数党候选人。
A majority party nominee usually has the advantage of support over a minority party one.
A major-party nominee always gets higher approval rating than a minor-party nominee.
3.策略在总统竞选中起关键性的作用。
Strategies play a critical role in the election.
Strategy is critical in the presidential election.
4.为了争取选票，总统候选人特别关注那些重要的州。
To win the presidency, a candidate is particularly concerned with winning the states which are important.
In order to get the votes, presidential candidates are concerned with those important states.
5.美国有十几个政党，其中只有两个党是主要党。
There are about a dozen political parties in America, only two of which are major parties.
4、历年试题
1.Victory in the eleven ______（large） states alone would provide an electoral majority. （99.10）
答案：largest。此题主要考查large 的最高级。
2.Even Democrat George McGovern, _____ had the lowest level of party support among recent
Nominees, was backed in 1972 by nearly 60 percent of his party's voters. （99.10）
A.who
B.whose
C.that
D.which
答案：A. who 引导的非限定性定语从句。
3.汉译英：这与其说取决于候选人的个人特点不如说取决于外部因素。（00.4）
答案：This depends on external factors rather than on a candidate's personal characteristics.
4.In 1991, after the Gulf War, Bush's approval rating reached 91 percent, the highest level recorded since polling ______（begin） in the 1930s. （00.10）
答案：began。此题考查过去时，因为有一个明显的过去时间状语“in the 1930s”。
5.Americans have learned much about the way in which the system can be managed so as to _____ the peaceful transfer of power from one party to the other. （01.4）
A.make it possible
B.make possible
C.make possibly
D.make it possibly
答案：B.本题中make 的宾语太长，所以放到了宾补possible 的后面。“make … possible”
表示“使…成为可能”。
6.In deciding _____ a course of action, the candidate tried to estimate its likely impact on the voters. （02.4）
A.what to pursue
B.which to pursue
C.whether to pursue
D.if to pursue
答案：C.分析：所要填的空是deciding 的宾语。而pursue 后面的宾语是a course of action。 选项A “what to pursue”, what 是宾语。选项B 中，which 也是作主语或宾语。选项D. 语法结构不对，因此选C.
7.A major-party nominee has the critical advantage in the campaign for the presidential election _______ he has the support from the party faithful. （ 03 ，10 ）
A.in that
B.in which
C.for which
D.for that
答案：A “在于”（复合连词表示原因）
Translation
1. 众所周知，美国总统选举每四年一次。
答： It is well known that presidential elections occur in the United States every 4 years.
2. 克林顿那时始终把竞选的注意力集中在国家缓慢发展的经济上。
答： At that time Clinton always kept the campaign focused on the nation’s slow-developing economy.
3. 候选人都想尽力表现出一种强有力的领袖形象。
答： Candidate try to project a strong leadership image.
4. 选民们是否接受这一形象更取决于外在因素。 答案
答：Whether voters accept this image depends more on external factors.
5. 候选人特别关注如何在人口最多那些州获胜。
答： Candidates are particularly concerned with how to win the states which have the largest population .
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